1

思政篇

习近平总书记教育重要论述讲义

Understanding Xi Jinping’s Educational Philosophy

实现中华民族伟大复兴，教育的地位和作用至关重要。习近平总书记着眼于国际竞争格局和国家发展大势，阐明建设教育强国是中华民族伟大复兴的基础工程。这一论断为新时代我国教育事业发展明确了宏伟目标，是对新时代教育地位和使命的最新理论定位和重大思想创新。

教育是对中华民族伟大复兴具有决定性意义的事业。当今世界的综合国力竞争，说到底是人才竞争。国之命脉，重在人才。习近平总书记指出，人才是衡量一个国家综合国力的重要指标，也是实现民族振兴、赢得国际竞争主动的战略资源。人才济济、人尽其才，是大国、强国应有之气象，也是一个国家长盛不衰的重要支撑。当今世界，人才资源作为经济社会发展第一资源的特征和作用更加明显，人才竞争已经成为综合国力竞争的核心。谁能培养和吸引更多人才，谁就能在竞争中占据优势。各国实践证明，现代化建设事业越是发展，对人才的需求就越加迫切。人才的数量越多，发挥的作用越充分，现代化的发展就越迅速。

Education plays a vital role in the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Focusing on international competition and the overall trend of China’s development, Xi Jinping has stated that to make China a country strong in education is fundamental for national rejuvenation. This observation has set the goal for education in the new era, and represents a theoretical innovation that recognizes the position and mission of education.

Education is the key to national rejuvenation. The contest for overall national strength in the world today is a competition for talent. Talented people are the lifeblood of nations. Xi Jinping has pointed out that talent is an important indicator of a country’ s overall national strength, and the strategic resource for realizing national rejuvenation and gaining the initiative in international competition. To possess a large pool of talented people and make the best use of their talents are prerequisites for a large and strong country, and an important support for a country’s long-term prosperity. In today’s world, the functions of talented people as the primary resource of economic and social development have become ever more obvious. Competition for talent has become the core in the competition of overall national strength. Whoever can train and attract more talent will gain advantage in this competition. Experience in various countries has shown that the more advanced the modernization drive, the more urgent the need for talent. The more talented people there are, and the more effective roles they play, the faster modernization will proceed.

习言习语 Quote from Xi Jinping

“两个一百年”奋斗目标的实现、中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的实现，归根到底靠人才、靠教育。”

—《做党和人民满意的好老师—同北京师范大学师生代表座谈时的讲话》（2014）

The realization of the Two Centenary Goals and the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation ultimately depends on talent and education.”

—Xi Jinping: Being a Good Teacher to the Satisfaction of the Communist Party of China and the People—Speech at the Meeting with Teachers and Students of Beijing Normal University, Chinese edition, 2014

参考文献：

本书编写组，2023，《习近平总书记教育重要论述讲义》，北京：高等教育出版社。

2

传统文化篇

正名 Rectification of Names

This refers to the rectification of what things are called so that name and reality correspond. A name is what is used to refer to a thing, which determines the attributes of the thing and its relations with other things. “Reality”refers to a thing or an entity that its name refers to. The name of a thing should conform to what the thing actually is. However, very often name and reality do not match in real life. To deal with this situation, the name of a thing should not go beyond the nature of the thing: likewise, the reality referred to by the name must not go beyond the scope that the name implies. The “rectification of names” is an important way to maintain the social order constructed by the names. Various schools of thoughts have agreed on the necessity of rectifying names, but they differ in their views of the concrete meanings of the names to be rectified.

引例 Citation:

◢名不正，则言不顺；言不顺，则事不成；事不成，则礼乐不兴。（《论语·子路》）

If names are not rectified, one’s argument will not be proper. If speech is not proper, nothing can be accomplished. If nothing is accomplished, rites and music will not flourish. (The Analects)

参考文献：

中华思想文化术语编委会，2019，《中国传统文化关键词》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。

3

典籍翻译篇

《徳充符》

The Sing of Virtue Complet

《德充符》篇蕴含庄子深邃的生态哲学，以残缺之形显圆满之德，揭示生命与自然的同体观。庄子借王骀、申徒嘉、叔山无趾等寓言人物，反思以貌取人、以形论德的偏狭观念。王骀“守宗保始”，以心观物，视万物为一体，体现出人与天地浑然相通的整体意识。申徒嘉、叔山无趾虽形体残缺，却以德行之完足昭示生命的尊严与平等。庄子认为，“德有所长，而形有所忘”，真正的完满不在外形之全，而在心灵与自然的契合。篇末提出“不以好恶内伤其身”，主张顺应自然、淡泊情欲，使人回归生命的本真与宁静。《德充符》以残寓圆、以缺显全，寄托了庄子对万物平等、生生不息的生态智慧与精神启示。

The Chuang Tzu’s chapter “The Sing of Virtue Complete” embodies Zhuangzi’s profound ecological philosophy, revealing the perfection of virtue through imperfect forms and unveiling the unity of life and nature. Through allegorical figures like Wang Tai, Shentu Jia, and Shushan No-Toes, Zhuangzi reflects on the narrow-minded notion of judging people by appearance and evaluating virtue by physical form. Wang Tai “holds fast to the source and the beginning”, observing all things with his heart and perceiving them as one unified whole, embodying a holistic consciousness where humanity is seamlessly connected with heaven and earth. Though Shentu Jia and Shushan No-Toes possessed imperfect physical forms, their complete virtue illuminated the dignity and equality of all life. Zhuangzi asserted that “If virtue is preeminent, the body will be forgotten.” suggesting true perfection lies not in physical completeness but in the harmony between the spirit and nature. The text concludes by advocating “He doesn’t let likes or dislikes get in and do him harm.” urging alignment with nature and detachment from desires to return to life’s authentic tranquility. “The Sing of Virtue Complete” employs imperfection to reveal wholeness, using deficiency to illuminate completeness, embodying Zhuangzi’s ecological wisdom and spiritual revelation of universal equality and perpetual vitality.

引例 Citation:

◢“死生存亡，穷达贫富，贤与不肖毁誉，饥渴寒暑，是事之变，命之行也；日夜相代乎前，而知不能规乎其始者也。故不足以滑和，不可入于灵府。使之和

豫通而不失于凭；使日夜无郤而与物为春，是接而生时于心者也。是之谓才全.”

（《庄子·徳充符》）

（“死、生、得、失，穷、达、贫、富，贤和不肖、毁、誉，饥、渴、寒、暑，这都是事物的变化，运命的流行；好像昼夜的轮转一般，而人的知见不能揆度它们的起始。了解这点就不足以让它们扰乱了本性的平和，不至于让它们侵入我们的心灵。使心灵是安逸自得而不失怡悦的心情；使日夜不间断地随物所在保持着春和之气，这样就能萌生出在接触外物时与时推移的心灵。这就叫做‘才全’。”）

“Life, death, preservation, loss, failure, success, poverty, riches, worthiness, unworthiness, slander, fame, hunger, thirst, cold, heat—these are the alternations of the world, the workings of fate. Day and night they change place before us and wisdom cannot spy out their source. Therefore, they should not be enough to destroy your harmony; they should not be allowed to enter the storehouse of spirit. If you can harmonize and delight in them, master them and never be at a loss forjoy, if you can do this day and night without break and make it be spring with everything, mingling with all and creating the moment within your own mind—this is what I call being whole in power.”

(The Writings of Kwang-tsze. The Sing of Virtue Complete)

参考文献：

陈鼓应，2016，《庄子今注今译》（上下册），北京：商务印书馆。

Legge,James, The Writings of Kwang-tsze, London: Oxford University Press Warehouse, 1891

〇 Exercise

Translate the following expression into English:

肝胆楚越。